Hemolymph is composed of water, sodium, chlorine, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, cardrabohytes, proteins, and lipids. The primary oxygen transporter molecule is hemocyanin.[7][3]
Functions of haemolymph
Lubricant : Haemolymph keeps the internal cells moist and the movement of internal organs is also made easy.
Hydraulic medium : Hydrostatic pressure developed due to blood pumping is useful in the following processes.
- a) Ecdysis (moulting)
b) Wing expansion in adults
c) Ecolosion in diptera (adult emergence from the puparium using ptilinum)
d) Eversion of penis in male insects
e) Eversion of osmeteria in papilionid larvae
f) Eversion of mask in naiad of dragonfly
g) Maintenance of body shape in soft bodied caterpillars.
Transport and storage : removes the waste materials to the excretory organs. Water and raw materials required for histogenesis is stored in haemolymph.
Protection: It helps in phagocytocis, encapsulation, detoxification, coagulation, and wound healing. Non celluar component like lysozymes also kill the invading bacteria.
Heat transfer: Haemolymph through its movement in the circulatory system regulate the body heat (Thermoregulation).
Maintenance of osmotic pressure: Ions, amino acids and organic acids present in the haemolymph helps in maintaining osmotic pressure required for normal physiological functions.
Reflex bleeding: Exudation of heamolymph through slit, pore etc. repels natural enemies. e.g. Aphids.
Metabolic medium: Haemolymph serves as a medium for on going metabolic reactions (trahalose is converted into glucose).
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