Sodium iodate damages retinal pigment epithelium specifically, but the reason for this specificity is not well understood. The work reported here describes an effect of sodium iodate on melanin, a major component of the retinal pigment epithelium. Sodium iodate increases the ability of melanin to convert glycine to glyoxylate. Almost ten times as much glyoxylate is formed when sodium iodate is present compared to the amount formed with melanin alone, although iodate alone does not convert glycine to glyoxylate. A chemical reaction between sodium iodate and melanin is suggested as a partial explanation of the specificity of iodate toxicity towards retinal pigment epithelium.
Hormones involved in sodium metabolism include vasopressin, natriuretic hormone, renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. Most of these hormones are released in response to sodium concentration or to osmoreceptors located in the anterolateral hypothalamus.
Early research showed that sodium deficiency (20 to 70 mg/kg diet) in rats caused reduced appetite, decreased body fat and protein, growth retardation, corneal lesions, soft bones, male infertility, delayed sexual maturity in females, and death
It has been found that an average human body weighing 70kg contains 70g sodium, 250g of potassium,
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